Shivnath Parkhe^1*, Jignesh Patel², Kalpesh Zanzrukiya³, Umang Patel⁴, Ganesh Govekar⁵

¹Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, D.V.P.P.F’s Medical College, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, INDIA.

²Assistant Professor, ⁵Professorand Head, Department of Forensic Medicine Govt. Medical College, Surat, INDIA.

³Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Smt. B.K. Shah Medical Institute and Research Centre. Badoda. INDIA.

⁴Assistant Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine Vedantaa Institute of Medical Sciences, Palghar, INDIA.

Email: dr.shivnathparkhe@gmail.com, dr.jignesh69@gmail.com, kalpeshzrk1987@gmail.com, umang272@gmail.com, ggovekar@yahoo.com

Figure 1: Sex Wise Distribution

Table 1: Comparison of ossification of proximal end of humerus with Age, Sex and other studies

As evident from the above table, in our study, we have found that in statistically significant number cases, the age of fusion of head of humerus in male 18 – 19 years and 17 – 18 years in females, which is in accordance with the findings of Reddy K S N (Andhra Pradesh 1973)⁵, Saini O P (Jaipur - 2005)⁶ , Agarwal Anil (Delhi - 2006)¹, Pimple D H (Mumbai - 2013)⁷, Tirpude B.H (Maharashtra- 2014)⁸ but not with Galstaun (Bengal – 1937)⁹, his study suggest that fusion occurs at lower age. Davies and Parson (England - 1927) ³, study suggest that fusion occurs at 20 years in male and 18 years in female and Flecker (Melbourne - 1932)¹⁰ study suggest that fusion occurs at 19 years in male and 17 years in female.

Figure 2: Distribution according to Diet

Diet and Fusion of Head of Humerus:

 In the present study total numbers of female candidates are 15 and 66.6 percentage of candidates which show complete fusion; in age groups of 17 to 18 years and total numbers of male candidates are 7 and 85.71 percentage of candidates which completed (i.e. stage 3) fusion in age groups of 18 to 19 years according to their respective diets. As is evident from the above tables, no significant effect of the diet of an individual is seen on the fusion of Head of Humerus

Figure 3: Distribution according to Socio-Economic Classes

Table 2: SE Class and fusion of head of humerus

As is evident from the above tables, no significant effect of the Socio-Economic class is seen on the fusion of Head of humerus with respective age in both males and females.

DISCUSSION

The digital X-ray of shoulder joint A P view is taken in Radiology Department of New civil hospitals, Surat and to study fusion of head of humerus of shoulder joint in males and females were done. The process of fusion was sub divided in to various stages and study was done to find out its relation to various factors like sex, diet, religion, socioeconomic class were observed:

Sex and Fusion of Centres of Shoulder Joint:

As far as the relation of sex with fusion of centres of shoulder joint concerned, the findings of my study are very much in accordance with the findings of all other studies, both foreign and Indian studies that we have come across, i.e. fusion of these centres occurs earlier in females by one to two years as compared to males.^11,12,13

 Diet and Fusion of Centres of Shoulder Joint:

 Except for us, Kalpesh Shah (Gujarat 1991) and Jain S.^14,15, no other researcher has studied the relation of vegetarian or non-vegetarian diet with fusion of epiphyseal centres and as far as we know, all the three studies agree that there is no association of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet on the fusion of epiphyseal centres, in both male and females.¹⁶

Socio-Economic Class and Fusion Of Shoulder Joint:

 This relation was studied to testify the hypothesis that higher SE class leads to better nourishment and better overall growth and thus to earlier / later fusion of epiphysis. However, no significant effect of the Socio-Economic Class of an individual was seen on the fusion of centres of shoulder joint in either males or females, neither in our study, nor in any other study.^7,13,14

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

In the present study from the observations, the following conclusions were drawn: A of complete fusion of Head of Humerus in Males 18-19 years and in Females 17-18 years. In females, the ossification centre of shoulder joint occurs earlier than males by one year as seen above.  The complete fusion of centres of shoulder joint occurs one to two years later than the subject of England and America.  The complete fusion of centres of shoulder joint occurs one to two years later in the population of south-Gujarat than south Indian population and most of the remaining parts of India, centres of shoulder joint fuse at approximately the same as other parts of INDIA. There is no association of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet on the fusion of epiphyseal centres, in both male and females. There is no significant effect of the Socio-Economic Class of an individual was seen on the fusion of centres of shoulder joint in either males or females, neither in our study, nor in any other study.

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